Analgesic Activity of the Isolated Constituent Syzygium cuminii (L) skeel

Nikhat F.*, Satyanarayana D., Suresh D.K., Purohit M.G., Raza H. and Hamza S.M.

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Luqman College of Pharmacy Gulbarga-585201

ABSTRACT:

The present study was carried out to investigate the analgesic activity of the prepared formulation 50mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight in the form of gel on albino rats by Tail immersion method. The different dose level of prepared gel was applied to the rat according to the body weight to the tail which is marked at 5cm and was subjected to analgesic activity. The significance analgesic activity is observed after ½ hr of the application which was compared with standard dichlofenac gel, the activity decreased after 2 hr of the application. The gel was prepared from the isolated constituents of syzygium cuminii (L) skeel root extract. The aim of the work is to prepare such a formulation which is having natural analgesic activity. The expected result from the formulation was obtained for first time. The further work is going on in our laboratory.

KEYWORDS: Analgesic, dichlofenac gel, formulation, constituents.

INTRODUCTION:

There is evidence of herbs having been used in the treatment of diseases and for revitalizing body system in almost all ancient civilization. Ayurveda, the Science of Life, has provided a rationale basis for treatment of various ailments such as pain which was very common complications in human beings. Several plants and their products are claimed and proved to posses’ analgesic activity^1,2. The plant syzygium cuminii (L) skeel which is commonly known as jamun in common language it is called as black plum in English having antidiabetic, antioxidant, ant burn, antipyretic activity. The leaves and seed are used in treatment of Bronchitis, asthma, thirst, biliousness, dysentery, ulcers. The fruit pulp is used in antidiabetic and also as a blood purifier. Several studies using modern techniques have authenticated in its use in diabetic treatment and its complications (nephropathy, cataract, insulin resistance)^{3, 4}. An extensive search of the literature reveals no reports on the analgesic activity of the plant are found. Thus, present investigation was planned to find out the therapeutic level of isolated constituents which was prepared in the form of gel of syzygium cuminii (L) skeel roots. In any literature it was not mentioned that this plant is having analgesic activity.

Experimental Section:

Plant materials:

Eugenia jambolana (Syn.Syzygium cuminii (L) Skeel), belonging to the Family: Myretacea Commonly known as ‘’Jamun’’. Roots were collected during the month of April 2009 from village Nalwar of Gulbarga District (Karnataka) and was identified and authenticated by Department of Botany, Gulbarga University Gulbarga, a voucher (#72) of specimen was submitted to NGSMIPS, Derlakatte.

Preparation of extract:

The powder plant material was successively extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol in a soxhlet apparatus for 72 hrs, the marc left behind was cold macerated with double distilled water. All extracts were filtered through Whatmann paper and concentrated by vacuum evaporation. The preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracts showed the presence of carbohydrate, flavonoids and terpenoids. The dried extracts were suspended in 2% gum acacia solution and used for animal experiments⁵.

The residue (25 g) was triturated in mortar with CHCl₃ (10 ml) and adsorbed onto silica gel (20g). After evaporation of the solvent it was loaded onto a silica gel column (150 g) prepared in petroleum ether (60-80ºC).). The column was eluted with the graded (difference of 10) solvents according to the increasing polarity of the solvents pet.ether. benzene, chloroform, methanol. The component which is obtained in the ratio of chloroform: methanol elution was designated as ScRex-6b as pure compound which was 2.5gm so plane was made to prepare a gel to find out the analgesic activity (the detail regarding pharmaceutical parameter in the paper 2 of same magazine) Adult albino rats (150-200 g) of either sex were supplied by M/S Chakraborty Enterprises, Kolkota were used for the study. The selected animals were maintained under standard diet and water ad libitum. The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee prior to the conduct of the animal experiments (1200/ac /08 /CPCSEA).

Analgesic Activity

Tail Immersion Method^6,7

Healthy albino rats weighing about 150-200gm were taken. They were divided into 6 groups having 6 each, numbered and placed into individual restraining cages leaving the tail hanging out freely. The animals are then allowed to adapt in the cages for 30 minutes before testing. The lower 5cm portion of the tail was marked and immersed in a cup of freshly filled warm water of exactly 55oC 1. Within a few seconds the rat reacts by withdrawing the tail. The reaction time was recorded by a stop watch. After each determination the tail was carefully dried. The reaction was determined before oral feeding of the drug and various extracts (50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight external) which was recorded as zero minutes reading. After the drug was applied the reaction time was recorded at an interval of ½ h, 1h, 1½, 2h and 2½h.The cut off time of the immersion is 15 seconds. The mean reaction time was recorded for each group and compared with the value of standard drug diclofenac sodium.

Statistical analysis:

Data were recorded as mean ± SEM. The statistical significance of differences between groups was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons among groups. Differences of p<0.01 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

In analgesic study, the prepared gel from the isolated methenolic extract of syzygium cuminii (L) skeel showed the significant analgesic activity at the does level of 50mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight are shown the significant and nearly equal activity was observed when compared with standard dichlofenac gel

CONCLUSION:

From the above investigation it was cleared that the syzygiu cuminii root is having potent analgesic activity for 2 ½ hrs as the time increases the activity is decreases when applied externally.

REFERENCE:

1. Sagarwat H, Mann AS, Khare MD, pharmacological potential of Eugenia Jambolana.A review.PHCOG MAG;2006:96-105

2. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD, Indian medicinal plant .vol.II, Delhi. Periodical express;1975:1052-53.

3. Bhattacharejee SK, Hand book of aromatic plant. Pointer publisher; 1999:195-197.

4. Nadakarni KM, Indian mataria medica .Vol.I, popular book deportment Bombay; 1954:516-18.

5. J B Harborne. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis, 3rd Edition, New Delhi: Springer, Rajkamal Electric Press, 1998; 1-32, 40-227.

6. S K Kulkarni. Hand Book of Experimental Pharmacology, 3rd Edition, Vallabh Prakashan Delhi, 2005; 125-127.

7. H G Vogel. Drug Discovery and Evaluation – Pharmacological Assays, 2nd Edition, Springer, New York, 2002; 697.

Received on 15.12.2010

Accepted on 28.01.2011

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 3(4): July- August 2011, 178-179